The physicist Johannes Rossnagel of the University of Mainz in Germany recently revealed in the journal Science how to use a single calcium atom to make the smallest engine in the world. Among them, by replacing the pistons and connecting rods in the engine with atoms, and heating and cooling the charged atoms, the engine has succeeded in converting the thermal energy into other forms of usable work. In principle, the energy conversion process of an atomic engine is no different from the energy conversion process of a conventional automobile engine, but the efficiency of the former is many times higher than that of the latter.
Rossnagel's method is to drive the engine by confining calcium ions in a linear Paul trap and heating and cooling the ions.
Traditional internal combustion engines have proven to be difficult to obtain thermal efficiencies of more than 25% based on the so-called Carnot's theorem, and atomic engines have achieved 28% thermal efficiency in the early stages of the experiment. Relevant researchers said that with the further improvement of technology, efficiency can be further improved.
"Our results show that the machine can be scaled down to a single atom size. This provides a platform for future experimentation with single-indoor refrigerators and water pumps. It also opens the door to the exploration of true thermodynamic quantum effects," said Rossnagel.
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