According to the “Work Plan for Accelerating the Quality Upgrade of Refined Oil Products†issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Environmental Protection last year, from January 1st, 11 provinces and cities in the eastern region will supply a full range of motor gasoline in line with the national five standards (including E10 ethanol gasoline). Under the background of the country's heavy punching and environmental management, the promotion of ethanol gasoline in the petrochemical province began to accelerate.
At present, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henan, Anhui, Guangxi provinces and Hubei, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Inner Mongolia and other parts of the region have been promoting the use of ethanol gasoline, oil products are mainly supplied by Sinopec, PetroChina, annual average ethanol gasoline consumption The amount accounts for about 1/4 of the total gasoline consumption.
Past promotion
Ethanol gasoline is a new type of alternative energy produced by blending fuel ethanol and ordinary gasoline, which is processed from grain and various plant fibers, in a certain proportion. According to national standards, it is blended with 90% ordinary gasoline and 10% fuel ethanol. Cheng (ie E10 ethanol gasoline).
Experts pointed out that the addition of ethanol to ordinary gasoline mainly increases the oxygen content in gasoline, which makes combustion more adequate, effectively reduces the emission of harmful substances in automobile exhaust, and reduces the total discharge by more than 30%, and PM2.5 emissions can be reduced by up to 60. %.
The benefits of promoting ethanol gasoline are obvious. Therefore, as early as January 8, 2006, Shandong Province had promoted the use of ethanol gasoline in seven cities including Jinan and Taian, and prohibited the sale of ordinary gasoline at gas stations. However, due to various reasons, the promotion of ethanol gasoline was once caught in the embarrassing situation of thunder and heavy rain. At that time, the consumption of ethanol gasoline in Shandong Province was less than 10% of the total.
"Ethanol gasoline has some obvious shortcomings, such as its calorific value is 60% of ordinary gasoline, and the car's power is declining." A maintenance technician at a 4S shop in Jinan said that the standard for ethanol gasoline was not very transparent at the time. The information asymmetry between the station and the owner caused the owner to question and worried that the gas station would be equipped with other oils. Some car owners prefer to go to the field to refuel and do not add ethanol gasoline locally, mainly worried about corrosion of the engine.
In addition, since ethanol gasoline will stratify once it meets water, it cannot be transported by low-cost pipelines. The ethanol gasoline storage and transportation cycle is only four or five days, which also affects the convenience of using ethanol gasoline, so that the supplier of ethanol gasoline is Sinopec. PetroChina is affected in terms of sales volume.
A staff member of the Shandong Provincial Quality Supervision Bureau said that from the past 10 years of promotion of ethanol gasoline, people's recognition is not high. In addition to consumers' various cognitive biases in the combustion value, power and corrosion resistance of ethanol gasoline, the policy swings have made the promotion of ethanol gasoline difficult. After 2014, with the decline of international oil prices, coupled with the high price of corn as a raw material and the gradual withdrawal of fiscal and taxation support policies, the promotion and use of ethanol gasoline was weak. During the initial period of strict supervision, ethanol gasoline was fully promoted in many provinces, but the inspection intensity was reduced. Soon, there was a phenomenon that ethanol gasoline did not contain ethanol.
Re-introduction to the source of treatment
Then, after 10 years, why did Shandong Province promote ethanol gasoline again?
The latest amendment to the “Promotion of the Use of Ethanol Gasoline for Motor Vehicles in Shandong Province†states that it is to adjust the energy structure, improve the quality of the atmospheric environment, promote agricultural production, and promote sustainable economic and social development.
Xiao Hong, director of the Atmospheric Department of the Environmental Protection Department of Shandong Province, pointed out that in the winter, the western part of Shandong suffered from smog in the winter. Among them, Jinan has been listed in the top 10 heavily polluted cities in China for many times. The number of days is small. Guo Shuqing, the governor of Shandong Province, once joked that Jinan “three sides of the lotus flower, three sides of the willow, a city smog and half city blockâ€, caused everyone to resonate. This is also an important reason for Shandong to promote ethanol gasoline in eight cities in the west.
“Ethanol gasoline is indeed more environmentally friendly than ordinary gasoline.†Hu Huichun, an analyst of Zhuo Chuang Information Oil Products, believes that after 10 years in Shandong Province, ethanol gasoline is closely related to environmental protection.
In addition, in order to restart the promotion and use of ethanol gasoline, this time Shandong Province is clearly fully prepared. The newly revised "Measures for the Promotion and Use of Ethylene Gasoline for Motor Vehicles in Shandong Province" requires that the promotion of the use of ethanol gasoline for vehicles should follow the principles of fixed-point production, directional circulation, full-course supervision and efficient and convenient, and adhere to the combination of economic, social and environmental benefits.
Why is Shandong pushing ethanol gasoline every 10 years?
It is reported that in order to do this work, Shandong Province will build a vehicle ethanol blending center, and allocate ethanol gasoline for vehicles in accordance with national and provincial standards, and be responsible for the unified supply of gas stations in the promotion and use areas. Except for the vehicle and ethanol gasoline blending center, the denatured fuel ethanol producer and the component gasoline producer determined by the State and Shandong Province, no unit or individual may engage in the production or blending of ethanol gasoline, denatured fuel ethanol and component gasoline.
The method also stipulates that the gas stations in the promotion and use areas should be completed in accordance with the technical specifications and time specified by the State and Shandong Province. Gas stations that have not been upgraded or have not met the requirements of technical specifications may not sell ethanol gasoline for vehicles, and may not sell other gasoline fuels that add methanol and do not comply with national regulations. For example, if the production, storage, transportation and sales of unqualified ethanol gasoline for vehicles and denatured fuel ethanol and component gasoline, or the sale of methanol and other motor gasoline fuels that do not comply with the state regulations, the quality supervision and industrial and commercial departments of the government at or above the county level Penalties shall be imposed in accordance with laws and regulations such as the Product Quality Law.
Refining expectation component blending
In accordance with the relevant provisions of the "Promotion and Use of Vehicle Ethanol Gasoline in Shandong Province", the component gasoline production enterprises identified by the State and Shandong Province, whose products meet the industry standards, should be acquired by the vehicle ethanol gasoline blending center.
"According to the truth, we should have the right to compete with PetroChina and Sinopec on the same stage. We have done a good job. This market is very big, but we have not received any procurement information yet," said Zhou Feng, deputy general manager of Dongying's local refining enterprise.
It is understood that during the last promotion of ethanol gasoline, the Shandong Provincial Development and Reform Commission issued the "Measures for the Qualification of Component Oil Production Enterprises in Shandong Province". The method stipulates that the refinery that has obtained the qualification for the production of component oil must be a refined oil production enterprise designated by the country for the promotion of ethanol gasoline in the vehicle; the primary processing capacity of crude oil is 2 million tons/year, and the hydro-refining single-set device The capacity is above 300,000 tons/year, and the capacity of the single-set catalytic cracking unit is over 600,000 tons/year. It has the environmental conditions, equipment, storage and fire-fighting measures for oil quality inspection in accordance with national regulations. It has labor safety and quality supervision. A full-time quality inspection personnel qualified by the department.
"This can be said to be a very big breakthrough at that time, but the market environment has undergone great changes during this promotion. It is estimated that new requirements will be placed on the device capability and quality system. The speed of change is too fast, just upgraded to It didn't take long for 'National Four', and then it had to upgrade 'National Five', and then it was 'National Six', which was very stressful.†Zhou Feng said, “The cleansing of refined oil forces the installation of equipment to be upgraded, and the amount of equipment upgrades is huge. And the long payback period makes us carry a heavy burden."
“In theory, the most direct way to improve the quality of refined oil is deep hydrogenation, which is the best choice for refining companies. However, due to the long return period of the equipment and the huge cost in the early stage, there are few refineries capable of supporting the equipment. In this dilemma, the refining raw materials are lighter, which has become a hard-hitting trick for most refineries to solve their problems." Zhongyu Information analyst Gao Qingcui said.
Renovating supporting equipment and upgrading the process will inevitably bring huge costs. This situation will inevitably bring greater impact and challenges to local refineries.
Terminal hopes for equal competition
In addition to the pressure of oil upgrades, the sales terminal is always an unspeakable pain in the promotion of ethanol gasoline.
A staff member of the Dongying City Economic and Information Committee said: "At present, Dongying's refining companies generally lack their own sales terminals, so a large proportion of the gasoline and diesel they produce are sold to oil central enterprises." It was also supported by Yatong Petrochemical. A staff member said: "At least half of the refined oil we produce is sold to PetroChina and CNOOC."
The promotion of ethanol gasoline may open a new way for the retail of oil products in the local refining enterprises. "If we can compete with Sinopec and PetroChina in the ethanol gasoline distribution, the refining enterprises have more advantages and are expected to break the monopoly of the former on ethanol gasoline production and management." Hu Huichun said.
A staff member of Sinopec Shandong Sales Branch introduced that in 2006, the promotion of ethanol gasoline required that the highest price per liter of the same grade of ethanol gasoline was 5 cents cheaper than the same standard gasoline, but the newly revised "Shandong Province" The method of promotion and use of ethanol gasoline states that the ethanol gasoline for vehicles is executed at the same price as ordinary gasoline, and the price is clearly marked. "At present, the price of ordinary gasoline we purchase in Shandong refining enterprises is more than 5,000 yuan per ton, but ethanol gasoline is more than 900 yuan." He feels that without the price advantage, the promotion of ethanol gasoline is very difficult, not only the owners do not accept, oil companies There is no promotion enthusiasm, and there is a gradual process of promoting ethanol gasoline.
On July 7th and 8th, the author tried to refuel at the two petrol stations of Sinopec and PetroChina in the West Outer Ring of Dezhou City, and did not find ethanol gasoline. For the recent request to promote ethanol gasoline again, gas station staff said they have not been notified.
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Ethanol gasoline for vehicles refers to the addition of a certain volume of denatured fuel ethanol (10% in China's current national standard) as a substitute for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which is difficult to degrade due to serious pollution to groundwater. Some states have legislated to ban the use of combustion-supporting agents, and clean and environmentally-friendly gasoline fuels that have been blended by fixed-point deployment centers.
In 2004, the National Development and Reform Commission and other eight ministries and commissions issued the "Pilot Program for the Expansion of Ethanol Gasoline for Vehicles" and the "Implementation Rules for the Expansion of Ethanol Gasoline for Vehicles", requiring relevant departments of the relevant provinces and the State Council to attach great importance to them, and each of them should bear the responsibility and cooperate closely. In accordance with the relevant policy provisions, do a good job of expanding the pilot project of ethanol gasoline for vehicles.
In May 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Environmental Protection jointly issued the “Work Plan for Accelerating the Quality Upgrade of Refined Oil Productsâ€. In the “Main Objectives†and “Key Tasks†of the program, the National Development and Reform Commission focused on ethanol. Gasoline and related products. It is clearly stated in the “main objectives†that before October 31, 2016, the guarantee company has the ability to produce five standard motor gasoline (including ethanol gasoline blending component oil) and vehicle diesel. From January 1st, 2017, the country will supply a full range of motor gasoline (including E10 ethanol gasoline) and vehicle diesel (including B5 biodiesel) in line with the national five standards, while stopping domestic sales below the national standard vehicle steam and diesel. .
Article 4 of the “Key Tasks†proposes: speeding up the improvement of oil product standards, referring to international advanced standards and combining with China's actual conditions, speeding up the pace of oil product standard revision and improving the standard system; releasing new ordinary diesel mandatory before the end of June 2015 National standards; the fifth phase of the vehicle ethanol gasoline standard (E10), the vehicle ethanol gasoline blending component oil and the biodiesel blending fuel (B5) standard will be released as soon as possible.
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