One of the most frequent failures of photovoltaic power plants is a lightning strike. Xiao Bian briefly introduced the impact of lightning on photovoltaic power generation equipment and solutions.
Photovoltaic power plants are equipped with power generation equipment outdoors. Since it is set up outdoors, it is necessary to take measures to prevent lightning.
Japan’s general impression of Lei is “a high point of lightning strikeâ€. However, the company said that the ground will be struck by lightning.
Especially for a megawatt photovoltaic power station, it is estimated that the possibility of a lightning strike is not small because of its large area.
When it comes to lightning strikes, people first think of lightning rods. Using a pointed metal rod to guide the lightning, and then through the ground wire, so that the lightning power discharge to the ground.
Buildings with a height of 20m or more must have lightning rods as required. For a photovoltaic power plant that does not have such buildings in its area, there is no requirement that lightning rods must be installed.
Therefore, there are few photovoltaic power stations in Japan that have set lightning rods in the area.
The millions of photovoltaic power stations built overseas on the plains also have many examples of lightning rods. Some places are known for their frequent thunder, and the recognition of such areas as "the ground is often struck by lightning" should be more deeply rooted than in Japan.
Japan's photovoltaic power stations do not have lightning rods because many operators want to avoid investing in equipment that does not contribute to power generation. The shadow of lightning rods is projected onto solar panels, causing power generation losses.
As a method of avoiding shadows, there is a method of using "horizontal conductors" instead of using lightning rods in mines.
The role of the horizontal conductor is the same as that of a lightning rod: In the event of a lightning strike, it can attract lightning and safely release it to the ground, thus avoiding direct lightning strikes on the object of protection. However, it is composed of a metal part (thickness varies depending on the material) having a thickness of only a few millimeters. It is mounted on a structure to avoid lightning strikes and is not as high as a lightning rod.
Lightning conductors and lightning conductors are merely methods of avoiding physical damage to buildings and structures. To prevent power generation equipment from being damaged by electrical influences, other methods are also needed.
Suppression of insulation breakdown SPD
Thunder's electrical energy can damage the insulation performance of electrical equipment and damage the functionality of the equipment.
The cause of insulation damage is "thunderstorm." The momentary overvoltage and overcurrent due to the impact of a lightning strike are called "lightning surges."
One way to protect electrical equipment from lightning surges is to use surge protection devices (SPDs), also called surge absorbers. It can be used in photovoltaic power generation systems. PCS, which is manufactured by a large company, is almost always equipped with this component.
Some PCS and junction boxes are not equipped because of the increase in cost, but this situation is gradually improving.
The SPD starts when lightning surges cause an overvoltage above a certain value, and releases the current to the ground, thereby suppressing the voltage and protecting the insulation performance of the electrical equipment.
Although it is a component that has been used for a long time, PV generation system is a completely new use environment for SPD.
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