Hong Beijing August 10, according to Chinese news Village Voice "Dr. Agriculture Online" reported: in 2010, when, Zibo City, Shandong Province corn cultivation households several villages, home to many of the corn stalks are not yet mature, It is dead, resulting in a large area of ​​production cuts. What is going on here? It turned out that this is a kind of bacterial disease called "corn blight", also called "stalk rot", which is a worldwide corn disease. At present, China has such diseases in Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Tianjin and other provinces. In 1985 , the incidence of corn bacterial wilt in Zhuolu County, Hebei Province was over 100,000 mu, and the yield per mu was reduced by 50 to 100 kg. And two years later, Wilder Jilin Province, Yushu, Fuyu and other regions, but also because of bacterial wilt of corn production of 75 million kg.
   In 1988 , the incidence area of ​​Fusui County in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region reached 80,000 mu, and the incidence rate reached 70% to 80% , which also caused serious damage to the local area. In recent years, the incidence area of ​​corn bacterial wilt in Zhumadian City, Henan Province is expanding day by day, becoming one of the main diseases of maize ripening period in Zhumadian City. The disease occurs in 30% of the city's corn planting area , and bacterial wilt has occurred. The 1000-grain weight of the corn field is reduced and the yield is reduced. According to the field test, the 1000-grain weight of the bacterial wilt strain is 25 to 56.5 grams lower than that of the normal mature strain , and the yield is generally reduced by 8% to 19% . According to experience, once corn bacterial blight occurs, it will cause the whole plant to die in a week or so, even within two to three days. Corn bacterial wilt bacteria occur in high temperature and high humidity weather, mainly affecting the roots and stems, causing the roots to rot, which in turn causes yellow or dry leaves. In general, there is a significant apparent lesion at the beginning of the corn filling stage, which is the peak period of the disease manifestation at the end of the maturity of the corn. In addition to natural conditions, when farmers' friends plant, the improper control of planting density may also lead to the occurrence of corn bacterial wilt. Recently, there have been many hot weather in many places in China, and some areas have been accompanied by continuous rainfall. This high temperature and high humidity weather conditions have laid the foundation for the occurrence of corn bacterial wilt. In particular, in the case of sudden clearing after the rain, it is most likely to cause an outbreak of bacterial wilt. Then, how can farmers' friends combine the law of bacterial wilt disease to prevent the occurrence of bacterial wilt? If you find that corn is infected with bacterial wilt, what good measures are there?
Guest: Gao Zenggui, director and researcher of Institute of Plant Immunology, Shenyang Agricultural University.
Symptoms of corn bacterial wilt
Gao Zenggui: Corn bacterial wilt, also known as stem-based rot, is a widespread soil-borne disease in various regions of the world. Currently in Guangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Dandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia and other regions have already suffered from hazards. The incidence rate in general years is about 5%-10% , and the highest in rainy years is more than 80% . Corn bacterial wilt begins to occur in the corn filling stage, and the end of the milk is cooked to wax. The period is the peak of the disease, and the bacteria can damage the stems, leaves, eucalyptus leaves and roots of the corn. We will introduce the following aspects from the following aspects. The first one we see the stem damage, the stem damage to the initial base solution produces a longitudinally extended irregular brown spot , which quickly becomes soft , sinks , rots, internal Empty loose, or cut longitudinal section visible seed rot, vascular bundles are filamentous free, sometimes produce white or rose red hyphae, then expand from the first section of the stem base, like the second and third quarters Spread, the damage is severely extended to the whole plant, causing the plant to fall, or it is broken, or the stem is damaged. The other is the damage of the leaves. The damage of the leaves mainly manifests the symptoms of chloroform and yellow-yellow type. This bacterial wilt develops rapidly, and the leaves of the whole plant die from the bottom to the top, showing a watery, blue-green color. Or gray-green, the symptoms of bruising appear.
   The other is the yellow-yellow shape on the leaves. Its development is slow, the leaves are gradually yellow and dead, and the time is longer. It is usually expressed in the resistant varieties, or the yellowing is the case when the environmental conditions are unfavorable. Symptoms, another one is the damage of the eucalyptus leaves of the ears. The damage of the eucalyptus leaves is often manifested as green and dry, and soon the water is dry and dry, the ears are loose, and the stalk is flexible, which leads to the sagging of the ear. The sagging of the ear is the most typical one for corn bacterial wilt. Symptoms, the ears are soft and the fruit is dry. Finally, the roots are damaged. Root rot is apparent in many roots of the diseased roots. The roots and secondary roots are weakened, the root epidermis is loose, the ear becomes a cavity, the fibrous roots, or the root hairs become less. Therefore, it is easy to pull out when pulling hard. It is root damage. Corn bacterial wilt is caused by multiple pathogens alone or in combination, so the symptoms caused by different pathogens are different, such as the blue caused by soil mold. Blight often manifests as blight, and the bacterial blight caused by cotton bacterium is often intractable. It is not easy to distinguish between some initial deficiency and premature aging, and there is also a bacterial bacterial wilt, bacterial green. Blight is often manifested in the middle and lower leaves, the stems rot and sink, the virus softens, the leaves are also clear and dry, and the plants often fold down.
Characteristics and regularity of the pathogenesis of maize bacterial wilt
Gao Zenggui: The characteristics of bacterial wilt disease are also obvious, because bacterial wilt is a soil-borne disease, the cause is wound in the soil or seeds, residual disease residue, some disease residues left in the field, or some bacteria Seeds, the occurrence of this disease is mainly caused by the proliferation of pathogens. Therefore, the corn is poured from the roots after sowing to the stage of silking, which is from the beginning to the silking stage, and spreads in the plants. If the corn is matured during high temperature and high humidity, the peak of the disease often occurs after the rain. Moreover, the planting density is too large, and the incidence is relatively heavy. If the straw is not corroded and then used as fertilizer, the straw is returned to the field. Because the pathogen is brought into the field, the incidence is relatively heavy. If it is early wave, the early wave will be The incidence is heavy. There is also a low-lying terrain. If the land where the water is accumulated is also serious, if it encounters hail, or insect damage caused by small damage, it will also be beneficial to the disease. If the field is seriously 3-5 days, the whole plant will be 3-5 days old. The leaves are dry, withered, and spread, which can cause a large area of ​​corn to die. If this is the case, the ear will often sag, that is, the drooping, the vertical tissue will also change color, then separate, and the internal tissue will be soft and empty. .
This disease occurs in the epidemic. The climate conditions are mainly rainfall, as well as variety resistance, as well as management and other factors. Rainfall is an important factor in this disease. Rainfall is closely related to the occurrence of the disease, like spring rain is 8 In the summer, in the middle of September , heavy rain and heavy rain will occur in mid- September . This disease is most likely to occur. Therefore, it is the excessive rainfall and excessive growth of the grouting milk during the ripening period, which is an important condition for the occurrence of bacterial wilt. Another is temperature. Sudden changes in temperature are also conducive to the occurrence of the disease, especially in the milk ripening period of corn. If the drought is high and the temperature suddenly drops, heavy rain and heavy rain will cause a huge drop in temperature, and then suddenly clear after the rain. The rapid increase in temperature will help the corn to dry. The occurrence of the disease is generally said that if the corn grows in the early stage, if it encounters high temperature and drought, if the temperature is around 30 degrees, it will encounter rainy weather within half a month after continuous silking, which is conducive to the occurrence of corn bacterial wilt.
Anti-bacterial wilt of corn varieties - sweet Shen No. 6
Your high growth: No. 6 Shen sweet corn specialty is breeding Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, which is the period of puberty, super sweet corn varieties, it has a high yield and short maturity, disease resistance, palatability good bit. It is suitable for canning corn or sweet corn species, the species spreading plant type, plant height of about 200 cm, 60 cm ear, cob filaments greenish white, yellow grain, kernel weight 35-40 g fresh grains, Its output is more than 750 kg per mu . Its comprehensive evaluation of quality has reached the national standard of fresh corn. Its growth period is about 79 days in the spring sowing period in Liaoning Province . It is a very early maturing maize hybrid. It is resistant to corn leaf spot, corn leaf pea leaf spot, gray spot disease, and bacterial wilt. It has good antibacterial activity against corn smut and has a strong grade of lodging resistance. It is necessary to pay attention to the following points when planting. You should choose the middle and upper plots to avoid planting on dry plots to avoid baldness or affect quality. Its planting adaptation density is 3500-4000 plants per mu, and it needs to be isolated from ordinary corn and other types of sweet corn and super sweet corn. The space distance is about 100 meters. It is suitable for planting in spring maize area of ​​Liaoning Province. And the corresponding corn fields can be planted. The above is a simple introduction to the Shentian No. 6 corn variety.
Gao Zenggui: Its conventional management is the same as ordinary management, because its growth period is extremely short. One year, like our Liaoning, can be planted for two seasons. Our regular corn can be planted, so this aspect is mainly because it is fresh. The need for food and fresh food needs to be separated from ordinary corn or other corn. If it is not separated, if pollen is to be spread to each other for a long time, pollination should affect its taste.
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